Water Conservation Through Voluntary Responsible Behaviour at Botho University in Botswana
Shantha Indrajith Hikkaduwa Liyanage,
Venkataraman Vishwanathan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
34-41
Received:
5 March 2020
Accepted:
23 March 2020
Published:
7 April 2020
Abstract: In 2016, the Paris agreement on climate change agreed to limit the global warming well below 2°C, and ideally 1.5°C by the end of the century. Even-though the global temperature on track shows a raise towards 3.2°C by the end of the century breaking 1.5°C target by 2040, one wonders how the Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions (ASSAR) assessed the vulnerability of Botswana in reaching the limit, 2°C. Accordingly, Botswana will show a steady raise in temperature to 2.8°C, the annual rainfall will drop by 9% and increase in dry days by 17 extra days. In addition, even the Limpopo catchment in Botswana will show a decline by 36%. Given these scenarios, water as a lifelong commodity becomes highly vulnerable in Botswana. With a view to mitigate the intensity, the local, regional and international legal, policy and institutional framework legislated, agreed otherwise ratified expects a sustainable water management by voluntary, responsible behaviour from the consumers apart from other stakeholders in Botswana. For example, 2030 Agenda for 17 SDGs: the SDG 06: Clean Water and Sanitation & 12th SDG: Responsible Consumption and Production. Consequently, this study qualitatively investigated the ex-ante and ex-post behavior of a consumer manifested by the strategic management in the light of theory of planned behavior for the water conservation project implemented by installation of newer water efficient appliances at Botho University in a landlocked country, Botswana. The test of theory of planned behaviour finds that the attitudes, social norms and Perceived Behavioural Control of the strategic management made strong intention for the responsible behavioural change in implementing the project. Further, the project has been able to save the water by 80%, supply water continuously to consumers, protect the environment and further a cost saving to the university. These findings will be significant to ascertain how antecedent factors determine the decision making behaviour of a water conservation project. Such understanding acts as a catalyst for African universities to be a beacon of vision and mission in water conservation, distribution and governance in Africa in which continent 33% of people are affected by water scarcity which is getting worse with urbanization, population, industrial use and climate change.
Abstract: In 2016, the Paris agreement on climate change agreed to limit the global warming well below 2°C, and ideally 1.5°C by the end of the century. Even-though the global temperature on track shows a raise towards 3.2°C by the end of the century breaking 1.5°C target by 2040, one wonders how the Adaptation at Scale in Semi-Arid Regions (ASSAR) assessed ...
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Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial on the Provision of the EMDR-PRECI to Female Minors Victims of Sexual and/or Physical Violence and Related PTSD Diagnosis
Gabriela Jiménez,
Yael Becker,
Claudia Varela,
Paola García,
María Amparo Nuño,
María Cristina Pérez,
Amalia Osorio,
Ignacio Jarero,
Martha Givaudan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
42-51
Received:
25 March 2020
Accepted:
8 April 2020
Published:
23 April 2020
Abstract: This longitudinal multicenter randomized controlled trial has three objectives 1) to evaluate the EMDR-PRECI in the remission of the PTSD Diagnosis on female minors who were victims of sexual and/or physical violence compared to treatment as usual (TAU), 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-PRECI in the reduction of the PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms of the participants compared with TAU, and 3) to expand the knowledge on the existing correlation between the PCL-5 core criteria for PTSD provisional diagnosis and the CAPS-5 PTSD clinical diagnosis on this population. The study was conducted in 2019 in the cities of Puebla, Mexico, and Mexico City, in three sites of a non-profit organization who provide services to women in vulnerable situations. A total of 32 minors met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 12 to 17 years old (M =15.35 years old). Participation was voluntary with the participant’s and their legal guardian's consent. It is relevant to mention that 31 of the 32 participants were pregnant during treatment with an average of 24.63 weeks (6.15 months) of pregnancy. All patients in the EMDR treatment group did not meet PTSD diagnostic criteria after treatment and at 90-days-follow-up assessments, while all patients in the TAU group maintained their PTSD baseline clinical diagnosis after treatment and at 90-days-follow-up assessments. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements were used for PTSD, Anxiety and Depression; t test and Cohen´s d effect size were calculated using within and between designs for the different measurements. ANOVA revealed a significant effect for time (F (2, 52) = 149.53 p <.001, ηP2 =.852), for group (F (1, 26 = 140.71, p<.001, ηP2 =.844) and Anxiety scores showed a significant effect for time (F (1, 26) = 32.89, p <.001, ηP2 =.559) and a significant interaction effect between time and group (F (1, 26) = 17.37, p <.001, ηP2=.401) showed the decrease for the treatment group. For the depression scores significant effects were found for time (F (1, 26) = 21.77, p <. 001, ηP2 =.456. Results also showed significant interaction effects between time and group. (F (1, 26) = 6.17, p <.05, ηP2 =.192). No significant effects for TAU group were founded. The study results indicate that the administration of the EMDR-PRECI could be a feasible, cost-effective, and time-efficient therapy to address PTSD diagnosis, and PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in this population.
Abstract: This longitudinal multicenter randomized controlled trial has three objectives 1) to evaluate the EMDR-PRECI in the remission of the PTSD Diagnosis on female minors who were victims of sexual and/or physical violence compared to treatment as usual (TAU), 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-PRECI in the reduction of the PTSD, anxiety, and d...
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Psychological Wellbeing and Social Support Among the Geriatric Population
Humera Shafi,
Iram Paul,
Shazia Sonuala
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
52-55
Received:
3 June 2019
Accepted:
19 February 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Ageing is a major transitional phase marked by stress. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of social support on the psychological well-being among the geriatric population. Social support is one of the important functions of social relationships. Social support is always intended by the sender to be helpful, thus distinguishing it from intentional negative interactions (such as angry criticism, hassling, undermining). Social support is commonly categorized into four types of behaviors (Emotional, Instrumental, Informational and Appraisal). Psychological well-being is used to describe an individual’s emotional health and overall functioning. The method of purposive sampling was used for data collection and the total sample consisted of one hundred and forty (140) individuals above the age of sixty years. Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) developed by Cohen & Hoberman was used to assess social support and Ryff’s scale of Psychological Wellbeing was used to measure six theoretically motivated constructs of psychological wellbeing (autonomy, environmental mastery, self-acceptance, positive relationship with others personal growth and purpose in life). Data was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The results indicated that all the dimensions of psychological wellbeing except personal growth and purpose in life have a significant correlation with the dimensions of Social Support (tangible support, belonging support, self-esteem support and appraisal support).
Abstract: Ageing is a major transitional phase marked by stress. The present study aimed at investigating the influence of social support on the psychological well-being among the geriatric population. Social support is one of the important functions of social relationships. Social support is always intended by the sender to be helpful, thus distinguishing i...
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