Subliminal Evaluative Conditioning Changed Implicit and Explicit Depressive Cognition
Akihiro Masuyama,
Kengo Yokomitsu,
Yuji Sakano
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
15-21
Received:
6 February 2017
Accepted:
18 February 2017
Published:
10 March 2017
Abstract: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether subliminal evaluative conditioning could change implicit and explicit depression-related cognition. Subliminal evaluative conditioning was conducted as a form of Primed Lexical Decision Task, in which subliminally presented self-related word was followed supraminally presented positive words. For measuring implicit depression-related cognition, we used Depression Implicit Association Task (Depression IAT), and for explicit depression-related cognition, we used Depression subscale extracting from Depression And Anxiety Cognition Scale (DACS-D). Furthermore, we also investigated whether the changes of implicit and explicit cognition could be last for 24 hours. As a result, we found that evaluative conditioning changed the implicit depression-related cognition. However, this changing in implicit cognition did not last for 24 hours later. In explicit depression-related cognition, evaluative conditioning by PLDT changed not all subscale but negative automatic thought for self. These results suggested that evaluative conditioning made temporally changing to implicit depression-related cognition while sustained changing to explicit depressive thought for self.
Abstract: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether subliminal evaluative conditioning could change implicit and explicit depression-related cognition. Subliminal evaluative conditioning was conducted as a form of Primed Lexical Decision Task, in which subliminally presented self-related word was followed supraminally presented positive words. For ...
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Courtroom: Insanity Defence
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
22-30
Received:
1 April 2017
Accepted:
12 April 2017
Published:
28 April 2017
Abstract: Since the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been recognised as an independent mental disorder [1] this disorder became leading disorder present in the courtroom. The definition of the psychological trauma and stressor-related disorders have had many changes in order to clarify diagnostic criterion of the disorder related to the exposure to traumatic or stressful event. However, as psychological distress following exposure to the traumatic event or stressful event is quite variable and, for the past more than three decades, the clinicians tried to establish the most reliable assessment and treatment techniques for PTSD. At the same time, the law faces its own dilemma about this disorder in particular when serious clinical case is charged for the offence. To both the medicine and the law it is clear that many individuals who have been exposed to the traumatic or stressful event exhibit a phenotype in which the most prominent clinical characteristics are anhedonic and dysphoric symptoms, externalizing anger and rage, dissociative symptoms, and relationship changes [2]. Subsequently, PTSD made its way into the courtroom as the outcomes of criminal defences for both violent and non-violent crime.
Abstract: Since the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has been recognised as an independent mental disorder [1] this disorder became leading disorder present in the courtroom. The definition of the psychological trauma and stressor-related disorders have had many changes in order to clarify diagnostic criterion of the disorder related to the exposure to t...
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